![]() Sometimes attention is understood as the control mechanisms of WM that selectively encode and maintain information in VWM. The constructs of attention and WM can sometimes describe overlapping concepts (e.g., Chun et al., 2011). The resource depletion account suggests that cognitive resources – attention and/or WM – are consumed by the first-found target. This brings us to the third possible explanation of SSM errors – resource depletion ( Cain and Mitroff, 2013). One of the possible mechanisms involves the role of working memory (WM) which is used to store target representations. Still, the nature of how exactly this perceptual bias works is not completely clear. The possible underlying mechanisms of the perceptual set can refer to perceptual priming or guidance. The idea of perceptual bias is also consistent with the prevalence effect in VS: low prevalence reduces the probability of detecting targets, so the subjects are likely to miss the targets that are rare ( Wolfe et al., 2005). Moreover, the SSM effect depends not only on the perceptual, but also on the conceptual target similarity ( Biggs et al., 2015). Recent experiments ( Gorbunova, 2017) provided some support for this theory as the SSM effect decreased with an increase in the number of shared features in two targets. According to perceptual set theory, the first-found target creates a perceptual bias, so the subject is more likely to find perceptually similar targets and less likely to find the targets that are perceptually dissimilar. ![]() However, searchers do continue searching after the first target is found (e.g., Fleck et al., 2010), which means that the “satisfaction” is not the only reason for SSM.Īlternative theories suggest that target similarity and resource depletion may play a role. Therefore, this phenomenon has been called satisfaction of search. After finding the first target, the subject becomes “satisfied” with this result and does not search for any other possible targets ( Tuddenham, 1962). The first explanation of this phenomenon was proposed in radiological studies that supposed the second target omission to be related to a premature ending of the search. The nature of SSM is as of yet unspecified. SSM is the decrease in accuracy at detecting a second target after a first target has been found. One of these errors is called subsequent search misses (SSM) and is observed in dual-target VS (e.g., Adamo et al., 2013). This task is very important in everyday life, as well as for some jobs (e.g., radiology, baggage screening). Visual search (VS) is a process of searching for targets among distracters. On the contrary, WM task performance was violated by dual-target VS as compared to single-target VS, when the targets in VS task were defined by the same feature used in the WM task. To this end, SSM errors are not related to WM resource depletion. The results of our study revealed no effect of additional WM task on second target detection in dual-target VS. In the second and the third experiments, a modified change detection task was applied, using shape as the relevant feature. The first experiment investigated the role of object WM using a classical color change detection task. ![]() Three experiments investigated the role of WM in SSM errors using a dual task paradigm. One of the possible explanations of SSM errors is working memory (WM) resource depletion. One of these errors is called subsequent search misses (SSM) and represents a decrease in accuracy at detecting a second target after a first target has been found. Visual search (VS) for multiple targets is especially error prone. School of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
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